2025 Citywide Indicators Report

Message from the Director

The Mayor’s Office of Contract Services (“MOCS”) manages New York City’s $42.3 billion procurement portfolio and drives reforms to make contracting with the City more fair, transparent, and efficient. Looking back at this past fiscal year, there is a lot to celebrate. MOCS, in partnership with our human service agency partners, led the annual HHS Timely Registration initiative, resulting in 88% of HHS contracts being submitted to the Comptroller on time by July 1, 2025—a 25% improvement from FY24.This progress helps nonprofits get paid more quickly and reliably. The City also reached a record 36% utilization of Minority and Women-Owned Business Enterprises (M/WBEs) in FY25, expanding opportunities for diverse vendors to contribute to the City’s work (see Section 6: M/WBE Partners). The FY25 Indicators report below highlights both the successes and the challenges that the City faced during the past year in contracting to encourage accountability and transparency in the procurement process.

By modernizing systems and championing reforms, MOCS is ensuring that City procurement delivers more effectively for all New Yorkers. I’m proud of the progress we’ve made in partnership with agencies and vendors, and I look forward to seeing this momentum build in the years ahead.

Kim L. Yu Director of MOCS and City Chief Procurement Officer

Executive Summary

The procurement system of the City of New York (“NYC” or “the City”) affects almost every aspect of City government and public life. In Fiscal Year 2025 (FY25), the City procured almost $42.3 billion dollars of goods and services from outside contractors, ranging from nonprofits providing community services, to construction firms, to goods suppliers, that ensured that City agencies run smoothly and deliver on their missions.

MOCS is the oversight and service agency dedicated to ensuring that the procurement system is equitable, transparent, and efficient for all, and that the City is following the procurement rules laid out by the New York City Charter and the City’s Procurement Policy Board (“PPB”) Rules. City procurement offices at each agency are responsible for protecting against waste, fraud, corruption, and abuse, as well as ensuring fair competitive access. Altogether, the procurement system promotes the delivery of direct services and goods to New Yorkers that help maintain the City’s infrastructure, secure the operation of City government, and advance community programs.

As an oversight and service agency, MOCS provides strategic partnership throughout the citywide procurement process for all mayoral agencies and leads procurement reform to make it easier to do business with the City. Additionally, we maintain and enhance the city’s digital procurement system, PASSPort, which is a cloud-based software platform that provides a single, centralized environment for completing procurement activities. We continue to make system improvements in PASSPort to make contracting and subcontracting easier and more streamlined for City agencies, public and private vendors, and others who rely on the procurement process.

Using data from PASSPort, the City’s Financial Management System (FMS), and other sources, MOCS annually releases this Citywide Indicators Report to provide insight on Mayoral agencies’ procurement data and performance. This reporting builds transparency into the use of taxpayer dollars for the public, helps agencies manage their performance, and provides useful data on how we can make the process more efficient.

The Citywide Indicators Report for FY25 provides information on the City’s procurement spending from July 1, 2024, to June 30, 2025, and demonstrates the impact of that procurement.

Key Takeaways:

• In FY25, the City procured nearly $42.3 billion worth of goods and services through over 198,000 transactions. This represents nearly a 23% increase in total dollar value relative to FY24 ($34.4 billion), and a 28% increase in number of transactions relative to FY24 (155,000).
• The largest industry was the Construction Industry, totaling $16.3 billion and representing 39% of total procurement spending. This is a 340% increase in value from FY24, driven primarily by Borough-Based Jail projects.
• Spending on Human Services contracts totaled $15.6 billion, representing 37% in total City spending and was the second-highest industry for FY25. This was a 22% decrease from FY24.
• The City awarded over $2.2 billion in contracts to minority and women-owned business enterprises (M/WBEs) in FY25—the highest award total on record to M/WBEs and the second consecutive year of record-setting growth—raising its Local Law 1 M/WBE utilization rate to over 36%, up from 31% in FY24.
• The use of the M/WBE Small Purchase method was also up in FY25 to $347.5M, following reforms in recent years to raise the method’s threshold. This amount represents a 214% increase in contract value utilizing this method compared to FY22 before the recent reforms.
• The procurement method with the highest increase in utilization was the Innovative method, totaling nearly $11 billion in contract value, a 9,683% increase from FY24. Again, this is largely due to Borough-Based Jail construction projects.
• In FY25, 66% contracts were registered within 30 days of contract start date, an increase from 62% in FY24, underscoring the City’s progress in strengthening timely procurement practices.
• In FY25, the median end-to-end cycle time for Competitive Sealed Bids (CSB) improved to 312 days, down 5% from FY24 (328 days). The median end-to-end cycle time for Competitive Sealed Proposals (CSP) rose slightly to 387 days in FY25, compared to 376 days in FY24.

Report Structure

Below is an outline organizing how to use this report:

Section 2: How the City Spends its Money

New York City is one of the largest procuring entities in the country. The City procures goods and services through tens of thousands of transactions each year. These transactions provide direct services to New Yorkers, help maintain the City's infrastructure, and secure the operation of City government. The following procurement indicators are citywide in scope and include all Mayoral agencies.

Procurement by Industry

New York City categorizes procurements in six major industry categories: architecture/engineering, construction, goods, human services, professional services, and standardized services. See the Glossary for definitions of each industry. See Appendix B for agency-by-agency breakdowns of procurement by industry.

• Construction awarded 16.3 billion dollars at 39 percent of Citywide total
• Human Services awarded 15.6 billion dollars at 37 percent of Citywide total
• Professional Services awarded 4.1 billion dollars at 10 percent of Citywide total
• Standard Services awarded 3.5 billion dollars at 8 percent of Citywide total
• Goods awarded 2.1 billion dollars at 5 percent of Citywide total
• Architecture and Engineeering awarded 694 million dollars at 2 percent of citywide total
• The Citywide total for awards was 42.3 billion dollars

Procurement by Method

The Procurement Policy Board (PPB) Rules lay out the different methods for purchasing new goods and services, and the procedures that must be followed to continue or modify existing contracts. See the Glossary for definitions of each procurement method. Agency procurement professionals select the appropriate procurement method based on each Agency's business needs and the City's procurement rules. When Agency procurement professionals choose a procurement method, they must consider the industry the scope of work falls under, the dollar amount needed for the procurement, and other factors. See Appendix A for agency-by-agency breakdowns of procurement by method.

Small purchase and micropurchase methods make up the majority of procurement transactions and are for the purchase of goods, services and construction below certain dollar value limits. The value limit for goods and all services contracts is $20,000 or less, and for construction contracts it is $35,000 or less. Other common non-competitive procurement actions are Line-Item Appropriations, also known as the City Council Discretionary Contracts, which are discretionary awards to nonprofit organizations made by City Council members.

In terms of dollar value, Competitive Sealed Bids (CSB) and Request for Proposals (RFP), also known as Competitive Sealed Proposals (CSP), are the two most common types of competitive procurements. The M/WBE Small Purchase method is a procurement tool that allows agencies to directly contract with minority- and women-owned business enterprises up to a defined dollar threshold. In FY24, MOCS worked with City and State partners to raise the threshold for this method further from $1 million to $1.5 million, a big win for M/WBEs across the City.

Procurement by Size

Procurements are tracked by contract size, ranging from smaller contracts under $100,000 to contracts valued at over $25 million. These include both new contracts and amendments to existing ones. See Appendix C for year-to-year totals of individual agencies.

Top 10 Agencies by Procurement Values

The top ten agencies account for the vast majority of the City’s procurement activity each year. These agencies process most of the City’s largest contracts and collectively represent the bulk of procurement value.

Top 10 New Contracts by Value

P-Card Purchasing

Purchasing Cards (“P-Cards”) are tools that agencies can use to quickly purchase goods and service under the micropurchase dollar limit, which is currently $35,000 for construction-related procurements and $20,000 for all other procurements. P-Card purchases do not need to process through the City’s Financial Management System.

In addition to tracking how much agencies spend using P-Cards, the City also tracks how much of that spending goes to M/WBEs through the M/WBE transaction amount and M/WBE utilization rate.

City Council Discretionary Contracts

Each year, New York City Council (City Council) designates discretionary awards to nonprofit organizations through Schedule C of the City's expense budget and throughout the fiscal year in monthly Transparency Resolutions. Each nonprofit that applies for funding is vetted by the City Council. In addition, MOCS reviews the eligibility of organizations by checking for an approved HHS or Discretionary Prequalification Application in PASSPort and completed Capacity Building Training. MOCS does not review awards made by City Council directly to City agencies or governmental organizations, nor discretionary funding through capital funds.

Effective FY24, most agencies process the registration of discretionary awards, i.e., line-item appropriations, in PASSPort through multiyear discretionary award contracts. This recent reform (PDF) allows organizations to enter one three-year contract per City agency, eliminating the need for registration in the outyears should the organization receive awards within the contract’s maximum reimbursable amount. With a registered contract in place, providers are able to begin budgeting and invoicing more immediately after award clearance in the new fiscal year, saving nearly nine months of processing time.

This year’s table reflects an update in the methodology following the multiyear reform by looking at contract registrations across both FY24 and FY25. Registered values stand for cleared award amounts only, not contract maximum reimbursable amounts, which otherwise contain funding buffers. Discretionary awards that are not registered by agencies in the designated fiscal year may be registered in the next.

Additionally, with the introduction of the FY26 Discretionary Grant Pilot, the City aims to streamline the award process and help our smaller nonprofit partners get paid faster without the need for contract processing.

As of 8/5/25 cleared award data, most FY25 awards (82.62%; 8,047 awards) were designated in Schedule C but only 50% were cleared to move to processing (whether contracting or budgeting through multiyear) immediately after allocation. The other half cleared through the remainder of the fiscal year, with 21% clearing after September.

Section 3: Procurement Performance

MOCS is committed to building a procurement system that works better for New Yorkers, through increased transparency and accountability. While the previous section provided information on how City contracts are awarded, this section demonstrates the City's performance on two key procurement indicators – Retroactivity and Cycle Time.

These two metrics give valuable insight to the public and agencies on the duration of the procurement process and areas where additional process reform could bring greater efficiency.

Retroactivity

A contract is considered late or "retroactive" when its start date occurs before the contract is registered by the City Comptroller. Retroactivity can cause cash flow and service continuity issues because the City cannot pay vendors prior to registration, and late registration can drive up the City's costs, as vendors increase their bid prices to account for anticipated delays.

The City aims to register all contracts before their start dates and closely monitors retroactivity by fiscal year and by industry to identify areas for improvement.

Competitive Sealed Bid and Competitive Sealed Proposal Cycle Time

One of the most important performance metrics that the City uses for procurement is the contract cycle times, which track how long it takes for a contract to get registered, from start to finish. For this report, MOCS tracks the cycle times of the two main competitive procurement methods, which are the competitive sealed bid ("CSB") and the competitive sealed proposal ("CSP"), also known the Request for Proposals ("RFP").

There are many rules and laws that vendors and agencies must follow to ensure competition throughout the process, which result in longer cycle times that are often necessary to ensure a fair, transparent, and equitable procurement process. However, as the report below will show, there is large variation between how long it takes contracts to get registered, indicating that there is room for improvement across the City in reducing cycle times. The City is committed to making this process faster and more predictable for our contracting partners.

This section reports the end-to-end median cycle times of all CSBs and CSPs by agency and by industry, and by the five procurement steps: presolicitation ("PSR"), solicitation, evaluation, award, and registration. Details on how each step of the procurement process are defined in PASSPort can be found at the bottom of this section.

Competitive Sealed Bid Cycle Time

CSBs are most commonly used to purchase goods, construction services, and standard services. Upon the collection of final bids, the contract is awarded to the vendor that bid the lowest price and is responsive and responsible.

The chart below shows how the median cycle time for CSB has changed each fiscal year by procurement step.

The chart below shows the median CSB cycle time by agency for this fiscal year compared with last fiscal year.

The table below shows how the median cycle time for CSB varies by industry.

Competitive Sealed Proposals/Request for Proposal Cycle Time

Agencies use CSPs/RFPs when factors beyond cost must be considered in a competitive procurement, resulting in an award to the responsive and responsible bidder whose proposal will be the most advantageous to the City. Agencies may consider factors such as quality, vendor capacity, experience, or creativity, along with cost while evaluating the proposals. CSPs are typically used for procuring human services, professional services, and architecture/engineering services.

The chart below shows how the median cycle time for CSP has changed each fiscal year by procurement step.

The chart below shows the median CSP cycle time by agency for this fiscal year compared with last fiscal year.

The table below shows how the median cycle time for CSP varies by industry.

Section 4: Procurement Reform

In pursuit of a more equitable, efficient, and cost-effective procurement process, MOCS advocates for and implements reforms to procurement infrastructure, policies, and practices. Procurement reforms fundamentally impact the City's relationship with businesses and nonprofits. Throughout this year, MOCS continued to lead longtime initiatives while advancing new reforms, including:

• Launched the Discretionary Grant Pilot to streamline City Council discretionary awards under $25,000, cutting payment timelines from 10–13 months to about 6 months and reducing administrative burden for agencies and providers.
• Rolled out Human Service Disclosure Reforms, simplifying prequalification for 1,000+ City Council discretionary providers, adding a 30-day extension option, and centralizing disclosures to reduce compliance burden.
• Partnered with the Mayor’s Office of Nonprofit Services (MONS) to issue the highest-ever advance payments to nonprofit providers for FY26 budgets.
• Opened FY26 budgets for HHS providers and agencies three months earlier than in FY25, allowing more time for planning, resource allocation, and avoiding downstream delays.
• Initiated PASSPort budget enhancements to process budgets, invoicing, and vendor payments more efficiently.
• Transitioned from in-person Public Hearings to an online Public Notice and Comment process, expanding access for New Yorkers and saving an average of 20 days on project timelines.

MOCS looks forward to continuing our reform mission in this coming fiscal year through avenues such as the Procurement Policy Board (PPB) and City Council legislation and through PASSPort enhancements, including improvements to the Design-Build process functionality and the invoicing and budget modification processes.

Public Hearings Reform

As of May 21, 2025, the City transitioned from Public Hearings for proposed contract awards to a more accessible online process: Public Notice and Comment. With this new format, New Yorkers can continue to share their views—now by submitting their comments online to the contracting Agency. This reform saves an average of 20 days on every applicable project timeline. These changes were made possible by legislation sponsored by New York Senator Luis Sepulveda and New York Assemblymember Jenifer Rajkumar, and signed by Governor Hochul in November 2025. MOCS championed this reform to save time on registration and expand access to award information.

Public Comment periods invite the public to share their views on proposed City contracts. City agencies must hold a Public Comment period on most proposed contracts for more than $100,000. The City Record posts notice of contracts at the start of the comment period to give the public time to share their feedback. City agencies must consider comments before they make their final contract award.

Please see Appendix L for the contract awards, amounts, and notice dates of all contracts that conducted public notice and comment in FY25, beginning on May 21, 2025.

Section 5: Human Services

HHS Timeliness Prompt Payment Report

The City seeks to achieve 100% timeliness in contract registration, especially for HHS contracts. When a contract is registered late, it can cause cash flow and service continuity problems because the City cannot issue reimbursements or advances to providers prior to contract registration, even if the services have already begun. To address this cash flow issue, the City has the Returnable Grant Fund (RGF), which provides interest-free loans that help human services providers bridge the gap in funding while awaiting contract processing and registration (see section below for more details).

However, the City recognizes that on-time registration is a preferred solution to the RGF. The City has measures in place to make sure providers are paid in a timely fashion, including through Section 4-12 of the Procurement Policy Board (PPB). Section 4-12 authorizes the City Chief Procurement Officer to authorize interest payments to providers for late registration of HHS contracts, if it has been determined that the agency is generally submitting contracts in an untimely manner.

HHS timeliness is measured differently than retroactivity, which was covered earlier in this report. Retroactivity is based on when the contract is registered, while HHS Timeliness is based on when an agency submits a contract to the Comptroller.

For HHS Timeliness, a contract action is considered on-time if it is submitted to the Comptroller before the contract start date; the action is considered late if it is submitted to the Comptroller after the contract start date. However, we consider contracts that are submitted to the Comptroller within 30 days of the start date to be substantially in compliance. The Section 4-12 rule applies to all human service contracts, including new awards and extensions, but excludes City Council discretionary contracts, which, by definition, are untimely as they are not designated by Council until after the start of the fiscal year.

Please see below for the analysis of this year's HHS contracts by agency.

FY26 HHS Timely Registration Initiative

MOCS manages a yearly cross-collaborative effort across human services agencies to ensure the timely registration of their HHS contracts, including both new solicitations and continuation actions, for the coming fiscal year. We have made substantial strides in our efforts for FY26, which began on July 1, 2025. The "FY26 HHS Timely Registration Initiative" set milestones, timelines, and a regular reporting structure to hold agencies accountable for the on-time submission of over 900 FY26 July 1st contract actions, valued at over $4 billion.

FY25 Returnable Grant Fund Initiative

The RGF provides interest-free loans to help human services providers bridge the gap in funding while awaiting contract processing and registration. Created in 1992, the Fund is run in partnership with MOCS and the Fund for the City of New York (FCNY).

As detailed in Table 1: RGF Activity, in FY25 the RGF made 305 loans to 186 providers totaling $104,573,950.59, a 17% increase from the total value of all loans issued in FY24. This increase in total value parallels the City’s time sensitive efforts through the Fund to assist nonprofit partners encountering payment delays. The size of individual loans ranged from $1,143 to $3,705,045 showing diversity in the program size and provider need. The overall number of approved loans stayed equal at 305 loans. This consistency reflects the sustained need of the Fund as a resource across health and human services contracting. A balanced use of the Fund by new applicants may also reflect growing awareness of this resource, with 67% of FY25 loan recipients not having submitted a request in FY24.

Section 6: M/WBE Partners

Economic Opportunities for M/WBEs under Local Law 1 of 2013

New York is committed to encouraging a competitive and diverse business environment – one that truly reflects the makeup of this City. The Minority and Women-owned Business Enterprises (M/WBE) Program was created to address the documented disparity between City contract awards to specific ethnic and gender groups and the representation of those groups within the New York City regional market. Overall, the M/WBE Program, led by the citywide M/WBE Director, seeks to increase the contracting opportunities and participation among City-certified M/WBE firms.

The City continues to diligently work and partner with our City-certified M/WBE firms to help alleviate market disparities and provide necessary goods and services across the City.

Graph

• 465 million dollars FY 2015
• 696 million dollars FY 2016
• 1.04 billion dollars FY 2017
• 1.07 billion dollars FY 2018
• 1.01 billion dollars FY 2019
• 1.10 billion dollars FY 2020
• 1.17 billion dollars FY 2021
• 1.38 billion dollars FY 2022
• 1.42 billion dollars FY 2023
• 1.59 billion dollars FY 2024
• 2.21 billion dollars FY 2024

Economic Opportunities for M/WBEs - Reference Notes

1. Section 6-129 of the New York City Administrative Code establishes Citywide participation goals for M/WBEs for standardized, professional, and construction services contracts, regardless of value, and for goods contracts valued under $1 million. These may include subcontract awards made on prime contracts awarded prior to July 1, 2013 that are not subject to the law. ⤣
2. Under Section 6-129(q) of the New York City Administrative Code (NYC Admin. Code), agencies are not required to set participation goals on the following types of contracts: (1) those subject to federal or state funding requirements which preclude the City from imposing goals; (2) those subject to federal or state law participation requirements for M/WBEs, disadvantaged business enterprises, and/or emerging business enterprises; (3) contracts between agencies; (4) procurements made through the United States General Services Administration or another federal agency, or through the New York State Office of General Services or another state agency, or any other governmental agency; (5) emergency procurements; (6) sole source procurements; (7) contracts for human services; and (8) contracts awarded to nonprofit organizations. ⤣

Prime Contract M/WBE Utilization

In City contracting, a prime contract is the agreement directly between an entity and a City agency for the provision of goods or services. The term "prime" is most commonly used when an entity or contractor that has entered into an agreement with a City agency also engages subcontractors to carry out the responsibilities of the contract.

Prime contract awards that are subject to the LL1 program are tracked to measure how many are awarded to certified M/WBEs. For additional details on the information presented in this table, please refer to Appendix G.

Prime Contract M/WBE Utilization - Reference Notes

1. P-Card purchases were not included in FY24 prime contract award count but were instead counted separately. ⤣

Subcontract M/WBE Utilization

In City contracting, a subcontractor is a person who has entered into an agreement with a contractor to provide services or perform work that is required as part of a contract with a City agency. Many M/WBEs use subcontracting opportunities as a point of entry into City contracting and M/WBE subcontracting participation goals are set as material terms on applicable prime contracts to ensure access to City work. The participation goals are set in relation to the scope of work required by the contract and the availability of M/WBEs that can perform the work.

For additional details regarding information presented in the table below, please refer to Appendix I.

Large-Scale Contract Approvals

Pursuant to LL1, City agencies are required to obtain approval by the City Chief Procurement Officer (CCPO) before soliciting procurements anticipated to be valued at more than $10 million. The CCPO is required to review the procurements in order to evaluate whether it is practicable to divide the proposed contracts into smaller contracts, and whether doing so will enhance competition among M/WBEs. A full list of these determinations is included in Appendix J.

Large-scale contracts concentrate the City’s business in the hands of a few large vendors and create fewer opportunities for smaller, less established businesses (like M/WBEs) to compete for contracts. Agencies work to identify opportunities to break up large procurements and pursue other contracting arrangements to meet their needs. This is a component of the City’s work to expand opportunities for M/WBEs.

Large Scale Contract Approvals - Reference Notes

1. Under Section §6-129(h)(2)(e) of the NYC Admin. Code, agencies are not required to obtain CCPO approval for capital projects valued over $25 million and contracts excluded under Section 6-129(q) of the NYC Admin. Code. ⤣
2. Approvals that occurred in FY25 but have not yet resulted in the release of any solicitation are reported only after the contract is awarded in order to protect the integrity of the bidding/proposal process. ⤣

Waivers, Modifications, and Noncompliance

A vendor that plans to submit a bid or proposal in response to a solicitation for a contract that is subject to M/WBE participation goals may seek to request a reduction in the goals by filing a waiver request with the contracting agency during the solicitation stage. The agency and MOCS then review and evaluate the extent to which the vendor's business model and subcontracting history is consistent with this request. The Agency and MOCS also consider the availability of M/WBE vendors when determining whether to grant a waiver request. In order to qualify for a waiver, a vendor must show both the capacity to execute the contract with less subcontracting than projected and legitimate business reasons to do so.

Waivers may be granted only to vendors that demonstrate both the capacity to perform the prime contract without subcontracting and a prior contracting history of doing similar work without subcontracting, taking into consideration the total number of M/WBE vendors which are able to perform work on the specific contract. As waivers must be applied for in the solicitation phase, vendors who bid or propose with a waiver request might not end up winning the contract award.

Pursuant to Admin. Code 6-129, contractors may request modifications of their M/WBE utilization plan after the award of the contract if the contractor made reasonable, good faith efforts to meet the goals set by the agency. In FY25, MOCS approved two (2) such modification requests. Agencies are also required to report any contractors who do not comply with the set M/WBE goals on a contract, and violations may result in the agency taking specific actions against the contractor that may impact future contracts. In FY25, there were no findings of noncompliance regarding M/WBE goals.

M/WBE Small Purchase Method (SP)

Pursuant to the PPB Rules, agencies may use the M/WBE Small Purchase (“M/WBE SP”) method to make purchases for goods, services, or construction from any City-certified M/WBE up to and including the maximum amount authorized by the City Charter without a formal competitive process where there are available City-certified M/WBEs to provide such goods, services or construction that meet the need of the agency. Purchases made under this method are not subject to the formal competitive bid or proposal requirements set forth elsewhere within the PPB Rules.

To increase M/WBE utilization and to support the City’s goal of increasing awards to M/WBE vendors, agencies use the M/WBE SP method to award contracts to M/WBE vendors wherever practicable.

The City successfully advocated for State legislative reform to increase the M/WBE SP method threshold in recent years. The first increase was from $500,000 to $1 million in Fiscal Year 2023 (January 2023), and the second increase took the threshold from $1 million to $1.5 million in Fiscal Year 2024 (December 2023). The chart below demonstrates how these reforms to the threshold have provided increased opportunities to M/WBEs and helped to increase the contract value that is procured using this method.

This chart outlines the usage of this procurement method across industries in FY25.

M/WBE Disparity Within Disparity

This section compares the number of contracts awarded and the value of awarded prime contracts to M/WBEs against the total number and value of prime contracts for four contract industries (goods, construction, standard, and professional services). Although M/WBEs win a significant share of contracts in some industries, the value of the contracts can differ widely, with non-M/WBEs often winning larger-value awards in certain categories.

The City has made significant strides in awarding contracts to M/WBEs. However, contract award data shows that certain ethnic and gender categories within M/WBEs continue to be underutilized and may not have the same access to opportunities as some of their counterparts. This occurrence is often referred to as the “disparity within the disparity.

Section 7: Construction Indicators

The construction industry is one of the largest procurement categories for the City. The chart below details the construction industry contracts registered in FY25 and highlights the top five City construction agencies by dollar value of construction contracts. This section will also provide details about Construction-specific topics, including Project Labor Agreements, the Apprenticeship Program Directive, and Construction and Design Change Orders.

Project Labor Agreements and Apprenticeship Program Directive

A Project Labor Agreement ("PLA") is a pre-hire collective bargaining agreement with one or more labor organizations that establishes the terms and conditions of employment for applicable construction projects. Since 2009, the City and the Building and Construction Trades Council of Greater New York and Vicinity (BCTC) have entered into PLAs for certain renovation and rehabilitation of City-owned buildings and structures, as well as certain specified new construction projects and design build projects. The PLAs create direct labor cost savings, ensure a reliable source of skilled and experienced labor, permit flexibility in work schedules, and avoid many potential causes of project delays, such as labor strikes, which are prohibited by PLAs. The PLAs also contain unique provisions to help small, M/WBE construction firms. All prime contractors and subcontractors on projects subject to a PLA must agree to the terms of the PLA by signing a Letter of Assent prior to award of the project. Currently, the City continues its efforts in negotiating and entering into new PLAs with the BCTC for upcoming City construction projects, including design-build infrastructure projects, which include Borough-Based jail construction projects.

Apprenticeship is the process of learning a skilled trade through on-the-job training plus related classroom education. Apprentices are able to earn full journeyworker wages as training is completed. The Apprenticeship Program Directive requires that certain construction and construction-related maintenance contractors have apprenticeship agreements appropriate for the type and scope of work to be performed that have been registered with, and approved by, the New York State Department of Labor. This requirement expands the pool of work available to graduates of state approved apprenticeship programs, provides ready sources of trained workers to City construction contracts, reduces turnover, and provides clear pathways to stable careers in the construction industry, all while apprentices earn wages and benefits. The Apprenticeship Program Directive applies to individual construction contracts and construction-related maintenance prime contracts valued above $3 million (and subcontracts on such projects valued at or above $2 million) that use apprenticeable construction-related trade classifications.

Note that while all PLA projects include Apprenticeship by default, the apprenticeship values reported herein are for contracts where only Apprenticeship applied and which were not also subject to PLA.

Change Orders: Cycle Time and Volume

Change orders are agency-authorized, written documents that allow for modifications of a contract while the contract is being performed. Change orders are used to adjust the value of the contract or the time for performance and are classified as either Construction Change Orders (CCO) or Design Change Orders (DCO), depending on the scope of work. Change orders allow the vendor to complete work included in the scope of the contract. They also allow the agency to make non-material changes to the scope, such as accounting for site conditions that were unknown at the time of contracting.

The values reported in all charts and tables do not include no-cost change orders.

The values reported in both tables do not include no-cost change orders.

Design-Build

Design-build is an alternative project delivery method in which a single entity provides both design and construction services under a single contract. The goal of the design-build method is to foster better coordination and collaboration, increase efficiency, and reduce construction risk. Certain City agencies have authority to use design-build and may register design-build contracts or related change orders as part of this process. To learn more, visit the Department of Design and Construction’s Design-Build webpage.

Section 8: Impact

In addition to City agencies using the procurement process to fulfill their respective missions and to maintain their operations, City procurement impacts New York City residents in other ways.

Below are examples of how FY25 procurements affected environmental, community, and economic developments in New York City.

Reducing The Environmental Footprint of New York City

Environmentally Preferable Purchasing

The City's Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP) laws were designed to minimize the environmental harm caused by the City in its role as a consumer of goods. This multi-faceted procurement program established environmentally preferable standards to address a host of environmental concerns including energy and water use, air quality, greenhouse gas emissions, hazardous substances, recycled and reused materials, and waste reduction. Pursuant to Local Laws 118, 119, 120, 121, and 123 of 2005, and Local Law 111 of 2021, City agencies are required to meet environmentally preferable purchasing standards, such as minimum recycled content, when purchasing particular categories of goods and services and through certain construction contracts. Local Law 112 of 2021 further amended the EPP laws by requiring a one-time report on agency textile purchases, which was published separate from this report.

All EPP reports required by law can be found in Appendix E.

Preferred Source

While satisfying the procurement needs of City agencies, the Preferred Source program creates job opportunities for disabled and incarcerated New Yorkers who otherwise might not be able to find work, empowering them with dignity and a sense of purpose. To advance special social and economic goals, all state agencies, political subdivisions, and public benefit corporations are required to purchase approved products and services from preferred sources if their offering meets the agency's needs. New York State's Preferred Source requirements were established by Section 162 of the New York State Finance Law. Purchases from preferred sources take precedence over all other sources of supply and do not require competitive procurement methods. The list of preferred sources is maintained by New York State's Office of General Services.

In FY25, the City purchased almost $164 million of goods and services from New York State preferred source vendors. City law requires a report detailing the City's procurement of products and services offered by preferred sources.

The full report on Preferred Sources is available in Appendix F.

Preferred Source - Reference Notes

1. Section 6-136 of the New York City Administrative Code (Local Law 125 of 2013) ⤣

Section 9: Appendices

Agency Indicators Report

Visit Agency Indicators Report to see a breakdown of each agency's Fiscal Year 2025 procurement by industry, method, and size.

Glossary

The Glossary defines relevant key City procurement and contract registration terminology.

Visit Agency Acronyms for a list of City agencies and websites.

Indicators Appendices

Fiscal 2025 Agency Procurement Indicators Report Appendices

Executive Summaries Archive

Fiscal Year 2024 Executive Summary (PDF)

Fiscal Year 2023 Executive Summary (PDF)

Fiscal Year 2022 Executive Summary (PDF)

Fiscal Year 2021 Executive Summary (PDF)

Fiscal Year 2020 Executive Summary (PDF)

Fiscal Year 2019 Executive Summary (PDF)

Fiscal Year 2018 Executive Summary (PDF)

Fiscal Year 2014 Executive Summary (PDF)

Fiscal Year 2013 Executive Summary (PDF)

Fiscal Year 2012 Executive Summary (PDF)

Fiscal Year 2011 Executive Summary (PDF)

Fiscal Year 2010 Executive Summary (PDF)

Fiscal Year 2009 Executive Summary (PDF)

Indicators Report Appendices from Previous Fiscal Years

FY24 Appendices Download

FY23 Appendices Download

FY22 Appendices Download

FY21 Appendices Download

FY20 Appendices Download

FY19 Appendices Download

FY18 Appendices Download

FY17 Appendices Download

FY16 Appendices Download

FY15 Appendices Download

FY14 Appendices Download

FY13 Appendices Download

FY12 Appendices Download

FY11 Appendices Download